![]() It is presented as a dialogue between multiple figures: the god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The twenty-three verses of the hymn are a metaphorical and riddle-filled legend. The earliest mention of a divine monkey is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 15 BCE. Historical development Standing Hanuman, Chola Dynasty, 11th century, Tamil Nadu, India Vedic roots Mukhya Prana Devaru, "Primordial Life Giver" (more prominent amongst followers of Dvaita, such as Madhwas). ![]() Vanarkulathin Thondaiman, "descendant of the Vanar clan" (Tamil).Rama Doota, "the messenger ( doota) of Rama".Māruti, "son of Maruta" (another name of Vayu deva).Sankata Mochana, "the remover of dangers, hardships, or hurdles" ( sankata).Vajrang Bali/Bajrang Bali, "the strong one ( bali), who had limbs ( anga) as hard or as tough as vajra ( diamond)" this name is widely used in rural North India.Vayuputra/ Pavanputra : the son of the Vayu deva- Wind god.Kesari Nandana or Kesarisuta, based on his father, which means "son of Kesari".Anjaneya, Anjaniputra (Kannada), Anjaneyar (Tamil), Anjaneyudu (Telugu), Anjanisuta all meaning "the son of Anjana".Linguistic variations of "Hanuman" include Hanumat, Anuman ( Tamil), Hanumantha ( Kannada), Hanumanthudu ( Telugu). Hanuman combines two of the most cherished traits in the Hindu bhakti- shakti worship traditions: "heroic, strong, assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to personal God". This version is supported by a Puranic legend wherein infant Hanuman mistakes the Sun for a fruit, heroically attempts to reach it, and is wounded in the jaw for his attempt by Indra the King of Gods. One interpretation of "Hanuman" is "one having a disfigured jaw". In the Hindu pantheon, deities typically have many synonymous names, each based on some noble characteristic, attribute, or reminder of a deed achieved by that deity. The meaning or origin of the word "Hanuman" is unclear. Names and etymology Hanuman with a Namaste (Anjali Mudra) posture Various scholars have suggested that Hanuman may have influenced the conception of Sun Wukong, the central figure in the Chinese epic Journey to the West. Traditionally, Hanuman is celebrated as a lifelong celibate, embodying the virtues of chastity. He is revered as an exemplar of self-control, faith, and commitment to a cause, transcending his outward Vanara appearance. Subsequent literature has occasionally depicted him as the patron deity of martial arts, meditation, and scholarly pursuits. He epitomizes the fusion of "strength, heroic initiative, and assertive excellence" with "loving, emotional devotion" to his lord Rama, embodying both Shakti and Bhakti. In recent times, the veneration of Hanuman through iconography and temple worship has significantly increased. According to Vaishnava tradition, the sage Madhvacharya posited that Vayu aids Vishnu in his earthly incarnations, a role akin to Hanuman's assistance to Rama. Figures from the Bhakti movement, such as Samarth Ramdas, have portrayed Hanuman as an emblem of nationalism and defiance against oppression. Hanuman's abilities are partly attributed to his lineage from Vayu, symbolizing a connection with both the physical and the cosmic elements. His theological significance and the cultivation of a devoted following emerged roughly a millennium after the Ramayana was composed, during the second millennium CE, coinciding with the advent of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. His tales are recounted not only in the Ramayana but also in the Mahabharata and various Puranas.ĭevotional practices centered around Hanuman were not prominent in these texts or in early archaeological evidence. In Shaiva tradition, he is regarded to be an incarnation of Shiva. He is traditionally believed to be the spiritual offspring of the wind deity Vayu, who is said to have played a significant role in his birth. Central to the Ramayana, Hanuman is celebrated for his unwavering devotion to Rama and is considered a chiranjivi. Hanuman ( / ˈ h ʌ n ʊ ˌ m ɑː n/ Sanskrit: हनुमान्, IAST: Hanumān), also known as Maruti, Bajrangabali, and Anjaneya, is a deity in Hinduism, revered as a divine vanara, and a devoted companion of the deity Rama.
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